Using old statistics and new data to predict and characterise ocean currents at scales smaller than 100 km
Ocean surface currents impact many offshore operations. Quite often it is not just the speed and direction of the current that have the greatest impact, but how rapidly the currents vary in space and time. Up to now, spatial variations in currents at scales smaller than 100 km have been invisible from established operational oceanography tools. Here I will give an overview of the general framework for taking observations from new remote sensing data, like temperature, and combining physics with data science to predict ocean currents at scales smaller than 100 km. I will focus on 3 examples where we have extracted surface currents using indirect observations from new generation satellites and remote sensing platforms. These are: (1) using rapidly sampled surface temperature from geostationary satellites, like Himawari-8/9 launched in 2015, (2) two-dimensional ocean surface topography from SWOT launched in 2023, and (3) time-lagged optical imagery of sun glint reflection by surface gravity waves from Sentinel-2a/b/c first launched in 2016.
