Predicting ocean dynamics on the North West Shelf (NWS) of Western Australia remains a significant challenge, largely due to the complex interplay between hydrodynamics and wave processes. Surface turbulence and mixing, influenced by wave dynamics, affect variables such as sea surface temperature (SST) and surface currents. These currents, in turn, are modified by non-linear wave feedbacks like Stokes drift, while again significant wave heights and directions are also impacted by surface current variability.

In this talk, I will focus on one important aspect of these interlinked processes: how surface currents—primarily those generated by internal tides—affect wave dynamics within a two-way coupled ocean-wave modelling system for the NWS. The semi-random phasing of internal tides introduces unpredictability, making it difficult to provide accurate forecasts even for fundamental variables like significant wave height and direction. Our results show that two-dimensional wave spectra exhibit increased energy content when two-way coupling is used, highlighting the importance of surface current interactions.

Despite advances in numerical modelling, accurate predictions remain elusive without proper information exchange between ocean and wave models. This presentation will illustrate why integrated approaches are essential for improving forecasts in such dynamic environments.