Prof. Jacqueline Espenilla1 1University Of The Philippines Institute For Maritime Affairs And Law Of The Sea, Quezon City, Philippines In November 2017, the UN General assembly issued Resolution 72/249 and agreed to convene an intergovernmental conference to deliberate the text...

Prof. Roald Berg1 1University Of Stavanger, Bru, Norway During the nationalist 19th century, “occupation came largely to be understood in terms of sovereignty” (Fitzmaurice 2014). That is the general background for the Norwegian-Swedish diplomatic explore for bringing the terra nullius...

Dr Seita Romppanen1 1Law School, Center for Climate Change, Energy and Environmental Law (CCEEL), University Of Eastern Finland (UEF), Joensuu, Finland The presentation discusses the legal and regulatory questions arising under emerging scientific evidence regarding polar pollution. Both Arctic and...

Dr Barry Zellen1 1United States Coast Guard Academy, Waterville Valley, United States With its expansion of membership in recent years to include Asian states as Council observers, the Arctic Council (AC) is now truly a global forum for Arctic governance...

Dr Zia Madani1 1Iranian National Institute For Oceanography And Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran In recent years, it is observed that a significant rise in the number of third states, i.e. ones that were neither an original signatory nor acceded thereto...

Dr Nengye Liu1 1University Of Adelaide, Adelaide University, Australia In recent years, international polar law is growing rapidly to catch up with significant changes in the Polar Regions. The United States has played a leading role in driving several developments...

Professor Rachael Johnstone On 25 February 2019, the International Court of Justice issued its advisory opinion on Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. The judges held by a majority of 13:1 that the...

Mr Ryan Musto1 1The George Washington University, Washington, United States The 1959 Antarctic Treaty made Antarctica the first “atom-free zone” in the world. My presentation explores the origins of that arrangement. It argues that the United States only agreed to...

Dr Sabaa Ahmad Khan1, Professor Kati Kulovesi1 1School of Law, University Of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland Black carbon pollution is an important driver of climate change in the Arctic region. Most black carbon emissions entering the Arctic originate from non‐Arctic...

Mrs Ekaterina Antsygina1 1Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada The paper is devoted to the delimitation of continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles in the High North. Currently, the Arctic littoral states are in the process of delineation of their extended continental...